The application of complex ecological approaches in biological wastewater treatment, assessment of its effect on the effectiveness
of the process and comparison of the obtained data to the restrictions in the environmental legislation are key elements of the study.
The processes in an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor, the first module from diphase anaerobic-aerobic biotechnology
for dairy wastewater treatment, are investigated. The creation of highly specialized biological system by means of complex
approaches based on adaptation, immobilization and bioaugmentation, as well as purposely designed process control are the ecoinnovation
in this study. A model wastewater with whey (a waste product from cheese manufacture when technologies for it
utilization are missing) was used. The main components of whey are proteins and lactose. The dynamics of organic matter
concentration (measured as chemical oxygen demand – COD), concentration of proteins and lactose were investigated during the
process.
The obtained results showed that the anaerobic process with immobilized biomass was appropriate for initial decrease of organics.
The most effective approach for creation of active biofilm was the combination of purposely accomplished adaptation with
immobilization because it increased with 67% protein biodegradation and with 5% COD removal. In the same time, that approach
accelerated COD removal process from 135 hours to 14 hours and protein hydrolysis from 135 hours to 72 hours.